How Thomas Paine Lost the Battle, but Won the War
One of the abiding failures of Thomas Paine has to do with his ardent support for the French Revolution. This was not the first revolution he championed. That sobriquet falls upon the American War for Independence or the American Revolution. But being on "the right side" of history with respect to America shaking off English imperialism was due to a deep sense of mistrust of government on the American side and the the need to keep a measure of control over those who rule. Hence the development of the "American system" of limited government, its division of powers, and being bound to a constitution.
When it came to the French Revolution a few years later, Tom Paine was, once again, in boots'n all. Human rights, human freedom--and the power of a just state to command both at will, justified by appealing to a "higher law", namely, "the will of the people". But without the checks and balances of American colonial society, the whole enterprise soon turned bloody.
Tom Paine was consequently discredited. Yet, now we find him resurrected and the ideological victor in our day. The West has largely followed in Paine's train. We do not mean that the West has descended into an orgy of totalitarian bloodletting, abortion notwithstanding; rather, we refer to Paine's latter day view of the state as a welfare institution. In later life, Paine developed the idea of a state with vastly expanded powers, existing to satisfy the "demand rights" of humans.
His old debating foe, Edmund Burke had a much more cautious position.